According to information obtained from the Department of Mines and Energy in West Nusa Tenggara Province, in the past Mount Rinjani is estimated to reach a height of 5000 m above sea level with the location to the west of Mount Rinjani now. At age Praquarter (> 1.8 million years ago) the area of Rinjani is deposition of sedimentary rock, which in turn during the Pleistocene (<1.8 million years ago) volcanic activity occurs, as a result of the ongoing volcanic tectonic phenomena, can bust out to the surface in the form of activity or molten lava eruption.
During the demolition phase of the volcano, Mount Rinjani has formed a caldera is largely filled with water and form a lake called Segara Anak Lake (2010 m asl) which has a depth of 230 m, with a crescent-shaped area of approximately 1100 Ha. Due to the continuous volcanic tectonic in the middle of the caldera appear new cone volcano called Mount Baru Jari (2376 m asl).
History of the eruption of Mount Rinjani was initiated in 1847 to 2004, has nine times the range erupted inside the caldera, while the crater of Mount Rinjani himself had never experienced an eruption was recorded again.
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